Medical Science Research Bulletin

Obstetric fistulas, a devastating condition, tragically affect thousands of women worldwide. This article delves into the definition, classification, causes, and treatment of obstetric fistulas. By shedding light on this prevalent issue, we hope to amplify awareness and advocate for improved maternal healthcare globally【1】【2】. 

Women, living with, obstretic fistula, preventive measure, obstructed labour, vesicovaginal fistula; obstetric fistula; fistula; urogenital fistula, management

Journal Articles 

1. World Health Organization (WHO). (2018). Obstetric fistula: Guiding principles for clinical management and programme development. Retrieved from  https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/maternal_perinatal_health/obstetric-fistulaprogramme-development/en/ 
2. Module_6_Obstetric_fistula_causes_and_factors_Fistula_Care (fistulacare.org) 
3. Incontinence and Shame - PMC (nih.gov) 
4. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). (2021). Obstetric Fistula. Retrieved from https://www.unfpa.org/obstetric-fistula 
5. Ahmed, S., Holtz, S. A., & Theile, M. (2007). Maternal morbidity and obstetric fistulae: A review of the literature. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health, 52(4), 368-377. doi:10.1016/j.jmwh.2007.02.017 
6. Obstetric Fistula - an overview. (n.d.) Retrieved July 21, 2023, from www.sciencedirect.com 
7. Psychological Symptoms Among Obstetric Fistula Patients .... (n.d.) Retrieved July 21, 2023, from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4779591/ 
8. International Day to End Obstetric Fistula. (n.d.) Retrieved July 21, 2023, from www.un.org/en/observances/end-fistula-day 
9. A review of surgical procedures to repair obstetric fistula - Pope. (n.d.) Retrieved July 21, 2023, from obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ijgo.13035 
10. Interventions for treating obstetric fistula: An evidence gap .... (n.d.) Retrieved  July 21, 2023, from journals.plos.org 
11. Rehabilitation and reintegration programming adjunct to .... (n.d.) Retrieved July 21, 2023, from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7003948/ 
12. Rehabilitation experiences after obstetric fistula repair .... (n.d.) Retrieved July 21, 2023, from onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/tmi.12469 
13. The psycho-social impact of obstetric fistula and available .... (n.d.) Retrieved July 21, 2023, from bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com 
14. Obstetric fistula. (n.d.) Retrieved July 21, 2023, from www.who.int 
15. Obstetric Fistula. (n.d.) Retrieved July 21, 2023, from fistulacare.org/what-isfistula/obstetric-fistula/ 
16. Obstetric Fistula - an overview. (n.d.) Retrieved July 21, 2023, from www.sciencedirect.com 15. A Qualitative Study in Benadir and Mudug Regions, Somalia. (n.d.) Retrieved July 21, 2023, from www.hindawi.com/journals/ogi/2018/5250843/ 
17. Ijaiya MA, Aboyeji PA (2004). "Obstetric urogenital fistula: the Ilorin experience, Nigeria". West African Journal of Medicine. 23 (1): 7– 9. doi:10.4314/wajm.v23i1.28071. PMID 15171516. 
18. Prevention and Recognition of Obstetric Fistula Training Package 
19. Obstetric Fistula: Living With Incontinence and Shame  Obstetric Fistula: Living With 
20. obstetric-fistulas-a-silent-cry.pdf 

Books 

1. Obstetric Fistula - Essential Surgery. (n.d.) Retrieved July 21, 2023, from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK333495/
2. Setchell ME, Hudson CN (2013). Shaw's Textbook of Operative Gynaecology - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 370. ISBN 978-8131234815. 
3. Essential Surgery: Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 1). Obstetric Fistula -Essential Surgery - NCBI Bookshelf (nih.gov)