A Rare Encounter of Fetal Macrosomia with Newborn Weighing Six Kilogram: A Case Report and Literature Review
Keywords:
Macrosomia, unbooked pregnancy, multiparity.Abstract
Fetal macrosomia generally occurs when the estimated weight of the fetus exceeds the expected threshold, irrespective of gestational age. It is defined as a fetus larger than 4000 to 4500 grams. Documented risk factors for macrosomia include maternal birth weight, gestational or preexisting Diabetes mellitus, obesity, age >35 years, excessive gestational weight gain, multiparity, male fetus, previous history of macrosomia and intrinsic fetal factors such as congenital, cytogenetic and other syndromic fetal abnormalities. We present a case of an unbooked 28-year-old woman who delivered a 6kg newborn in a fertility centre in Lagos.
References
Turkmen S, Johansson S, Dahmoun M. Foetal Macrosomia and Foetal-Maternal Outcomes at Birth. J Pregnancy. 2018 Aug 8;2018:4790136. Doi: 10.1155/2018/4790136. PMID: 30174954; PMCID: PMC6106949.
Macrosomia: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 216. Obstet Gynecol 2020; 135:e18. Reaffirmed 2023.
Ng SK, Olog A, Spinks AB, Cameron CM, Searle J, McClure RJ. Risk factors and obstetric complications of large for gestational age births with adjustments for community effects: Results from a new cohort study. BMC Public Health 2010 Aug 6; 10:460. Doi: 10. 1186/1471-2458-10-460. PMID: 20687966; PMCID: PMC2921393.
Oluwole AA, Omisakin SI, Ugwu AO. A Retrospective Audit of Placental Weight and Fetal Outcome at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Nigeria. International Journal of Medicine and Health Development. 2024 Sep 18;29(4):305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_44_24.
Asplund CA, Seehusen DA, Callahan TL, Olsen C. Percentage change in antenatal body mass index as a predictor of neonatal macrosomia. Ann Fam Med 2008 nov-Dec;6(6):550‑4. Doi: 10. 1370/afm.903.PMID: 19001308; PMCID: PMC2582460.
Adegbola O, Habeebu-Adeyemi FM. Fetal Macrosomia at a Tertiary Care Centre in Lagos, Nigeria. Nig Q J Hosp Med. 2015 Apr-Jun;25(2):90-94. PMID: 27295826.
Hermann GM, Dallas LM, Haskell SE, Roghair RD. Neonatal macrosomia is an independent risk factor for adult metabolic syndrome. Neonatology 2010;98(3):238‑44. Doi: 10. 1159/000285629. Epub 2010 Apr 13. PMID: 20389129; PMCID: PMC2935261.
Araujo Júnior E, Peixoto AB, Zamarian AC, Elito Júnior J, Tonni G. Macrosomia. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2017;38:83-96. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn. 2016.08.003
Tabatabaee SH, Mohammadbeigi A, Yazdani M, Zeighami B, Mohammadsalehi N. Gestational diabetes risk factors modelling in pregnant women. Int J Diab Dev Ctries 2007;27:11‑3.
Liu CH, Yang ST, Wang PH. Maternal factors associated with fetal macrosomia. J Chin Med Assoc. 2023;86(5):455-456. doi:10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000894
Vetr M. Risk factors associated with high birth weight deliveries. Ceska Gynekol 2005 Sep; 70(5): 347-54. Czech. PMID: 16180794.
Najafian M, Cheraghi M. Occurrence of fetal macrosomia rate and its maternal and neonatal complications: a 5- year cohort study. ISRN Obstet Gynecol 2012;2012:353791. Doi: 10. 5402/2012/353791. Epub 2012 Nov 14. PMID: 23209925; PMCID: PMC3504382.
Oluwole AA, Ugwu AO. Impact of first-trimester body mass index on pregnancy outcomes: observational study. Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research. 2023 Mar 7;4(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.273.
Mulik V, Usha Kiran TS, Bethel J, Bhal PS. The outcome of macrosomic fetuses in low risk primigravid population. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2003 Jan; 80(1):15-22. Doi: 10. 1016/s0020-7292(02)00332-6. PMID: 12527455. ,
